The Derevne

Long had I heard tales of the Russian деревни, or derevne, small villages of tiny houses dotted throughout the vast Russian forests. The subjects of films, books, and many jokes and sayings, they are literally pockets of concentrated Russian culture and traditions. People sing praises of the fresh air and healthy living in the derevne, but crack jokes about the Russian equivalents of "rednecks" who come from the villages. Coming from a tiny country town myself, I have been interested in them ever since arriving. After six months of living in concrete, my interest in visiting the derevne had turned into an obsession. This past weekend, I finally got to experience life in a real, Russian derevne. 

As soon as I stepped down from the small bus, I was immediately ankle deep in slushy, ice water. The tiny bus stop was completely flooded from melting snow, with bits of garbage floating around. The structure for the bus stop was falling down, covered with layers of graffiti and half buried in a garbage mound. 

"It's a shame," said my friend, whose parents we were going to visit. "People from the city come out here and just dump their garbage. There are piles of it all over the woods." We splashed to the crumbling sidewalk, which only went as far as a hole-in-the-wall store that was the only place to buy anything in the village. The tiny, rundown houses were clustered on the hill rising behind the bus stop. This was a real derevne: no beautiful, huge houses for the rich to relax at in the summer. These were homes.

We walked through the narrow winding streets, where the melting snow ran in rivers through the slush and mud. The few people we passed were dressed in mud-covered coats and boots. The fashion of the city was gone. Unlike the city, everything here was practical; cosmetic value came second. The houses were small, old concrete buildings. The falling-down fences closed off cluttered yards that would be exploding with flowers and vegetables in the summer. A babushka labored across the road, with two buckets of water in her hands. There was no running water here, people had to go get their own. A car skidded and roared by, fighting the snow. Straight lines didn't exist here, unless it was the corner of the concrete buildings. Things stuck out of every corner, anything that was straight at some point had become bent, lopsided or broken. 

The houses were small: one, maybe two, rooms. Any possessions that didn't fit in the house were gathered under makeshift shelters in the yard, or in the odd concrete garage. This was a small derevne; it ended abruptly on the edge of the incredibly vast forests. 

By the time we reached the dacha our feet were thoroughly soaked. A dog growled at us as we passed through the gate. 

"Dad loves cars," said Madina (my friend). Indeed there were many of them, maybe twenty scattered through the yard, some covered in tarps. "Only a few work," she explained. A row of sheds and animal pens stood across the lane from the house. Numerous cats were tucked away in corners, and dogs were chained in the yard. Like the rest of the houses, there were many things stored around. Some were stacked in the sheds, or covered with tarps. There was a beautiful little red sled, and an antique wagon. We splashed along to the door, opened it and ducked inside.

It took a while for my eyes to adjust to the dark. There was only one window. We were in a mudroom. A few rags lay on the concrete floor. Pulling our boots off, we slipped on the warm house slippers. There was a sink in this room, with a refrigerator and a toilet tucked in the corner. There was a door behind us, which Madina explained was a bedroom. The door on the opposite end opened and a woman stepped out. 

"Hello!" she exclaimed. I greeted her in Russian. She was small, her ankles covered by her long skirt. She wore a camo vest over a sweater, and her black hair was pulled back in a bun. She didn't look Russian at all. My first impression was Kazakh, but it turns out Bella was from a small republic in the Caucasus, on the northern border of Chechnya. Wide brown eyes looked out from a perfectly round face and her smile was miles wide. She chattered along, herding Madina and me through a door into the house.

It was a nice sized room; the floor was linoleum. A pullout couch sat along one wall, faced by a cabinet and flat screen television. A small kitchen was tucked in the corner, with a microwave and small stovetop. Closets were filled with clothes, and small, leafy plants perched on the windowsill. 

"Welcome welcome!" chirped Bella, who immediately sat me down in front of a monstrous bowl of borscht. She was a lovely woman, talking all the while as we ate. Madina's young brother sat on the couch, engrossed by a game on his tablet. Anzzor was nine, and full of energy. He looked exactly like his mother, with a round face and dimples when he smiled. While I finished my soup, he came to sit next to me and showed me his school pictures. Not in least bit shy, he proudly brought his things to show them to me. 

After a while, the door opened and Madina's father ducked in. He was tall, and thin, and dressed in camo, with a fur cap perched on his head. He smiled readily through his beard, gold teeth flashing. 

"Welcome!" he said in English. Again, I said greetings in Russian. There was confusion about where I was from, as they had thought I was British. That was cleared up and it was discovered that I did actually speak Russian, and Russlan (the father) began talking, even more than Bella. He was a very interesting man; he was born in Ukraine, but had lived in the Primorye region for over thirty years. He was a military man, serving in the Navy. He had traveled the world on ships, and he spoke especially fondly of a stop in San Diego. In his earlier years he served in the military in the conflict in the Caucasus, where he met Bella. They spoke how they had both broken the traditions of their cultures in marrying each other. 

After visiting for a while, Madina, Russlan and I went on a drive. We hopped into their jeep-like vehicle, which they fondly referred to as "the tank." It was a bumpy ride, and I began to think, as we jolted along, that I should be wearing a helmet. We stopped first at an old building: large, but in poor repair. Ducking under the barbed wire fence we walked around it. It had been a house, almost a hundred years ago. This tiny village was where the engineers had lived when they designed the extensive fortress surrounding the city. Built for protection against the Japanese in the First World War, the hills and islands surrounding Vladivostok were outfitted for defense. 

We drove further, to go inside one of these bunkers. With the road blocked by snow, we went by foot, up to the top of the mountain. Madina and I followed in the footsteps punched into the snow by Russlan. The sprightly Ukrainian pranced through the snow; he knew the woods like the back of his hand. He talked the whole while about the forts: when they were used, how they were built, how big they were... 

Reaching the first fortifications, we climbed up on the concrete and could see the entire city. Along other hilltops we saw more concrete bunkers that had housed the large cannons long ago. I knew there were fortresses here, but I had no idea how extensive the system was. We were standing on top of a literal maze of concrete corridors snaking through the mountains under our feet. 

We scrambled all over the concrete, laboring through the snow down to an entrance. It was cool, and inky black inside. Using the lights on our cell phones we explored a few passages of the first floor. In this particular fort, there were eight different levels. Every once and a while, a gaping hole opened in the floor, where the second level began. The metal from the staircases had already been ripped out by scavengers. A dog barked, as we shone lights down into one of the holes. It had fallen in, and couldn't get back out. Russlan hopped down, and set off to find the dog. On his search, he found numerous other dogs, dead from the fall, or from starvation. The one living dog was skittish and it took both Madina and Russlan a long time to trap it in a jacket. Setting it loose, we once again resumed our exploration. The labyrinth of passages were worn, but in good repair. It was in no way closed off, and Madina said it is fun to have a big group come and explore all the levels, maybe do some shashlik (barbecue). 

While some of the fortresses around the city have been turned into museums, this one was not a tourist attraction in the least. It was too remote and logistically hard to reach. Even by car this was impractical. Horseback was the best mode of transport, and this family often rode on their horses to places like this. Driving back, we ran into a small accident on the road. Madina and I hopped out and continued on foot. We walked through a paintball place, which was practically in their back yard. I had heard some people playing earlier. I had almost laughed out loud, because even the paintball guns in Russia are fully automatic. 

Reaching their property we visited their six horses. They also had cows, chickens and goats. It was quite the place. We wandered between huge mounds of metal, hay and dirt to the house, where we were fed sweets and tea by Bella. 

"Madina, I really have never done this before," I said, slightly nervous. She laughed as we walked down the path to a flat spot behind the house. It was Sunday morning.

"Don't worry, it's very simple," she assured me. I was comforted, and thought I would watch how she did it, then I'd give it a go. The horse was already saddled and Russlan held the reins, grinning. We walked up with gifts of sugar and cookies. After a quick explanation of what to do, which consisted of: "sit here, hold this and don't fall off," they smiled expectantly at me.

"What, now?!" I asked, incredulous that they would expect a complete amateur to just get on a horse and ride. "I thought Madina would go first!"

"I already know how to ride!" she said. "Go on!" 

Thus, I put my foot in the stirrup, heaved myself up, and was soon sitting on the horse, the reins in my hand. The feeling was unnerving. Unlike on a bike or skis, I was not in complete control. Yes, I held the reins; but a horse is a living being, it has its own thoughts and intentions too. It was this concept that was the hardest to get over. While we went slowly in a circle in the snowy meadow I adjusted to the rhythm and movement of the horse. I found it quite fun once I got used to it. The horse was patient with my learning, but if horses could roll their eyes, he would have. 

It was an interesting experience, and I was happy to have ridden a horse. I understand now that, as with most things, it's not as easy as it looks. It was enjoyable, but I couldn't shake the uncertain factor of the horse's intentions versus mine; it was unnerving. 

Russlan came out from the house after about forty minutes, carrying a bundle. I rode over. Grinning, he held up a fur vest and cap. Putting them on me, he then help up a scabbard. He drew the sword and handed it to me. It weighed heavily in my hand.

"This is the traditional Cossack costume," he explained. "There is an old tradition, that if ever a woman put on this cap or coat, they would be whipped three times." 

We returned to the house for a hearty dinner and then tea. Bella loved to talk, so we talked for ages.

"But why is Madina in this school (the Asian-European Lyceum we attend)?" I asked.

"She needs a good education. Honest people rarely get rich. In order to do well in life, one needs a good education. One needs to be smart, clever," she explained. She went on to talk about her homeland later in the conversation. 

"It is very warm there, the winter is maybe -5 degrees (celsius). It's not like here; here there is fog, lots of snow and always rain in the Spring. I remember when I walked to school every day, I could just pick fruit off the trees along the road. Pears, apples and plums, all within arm's reach. By the time I got to school I was full! It is so beautiful there, not at all like here," she recounted. 

"And your family, where are they?" I asked.

"There. All of them are there. Papa, mama died nine years ago, brothers and sisters, they are all there," she said. "We go visit there almost every summer." 

"Do you want to go back one day, for good?" I asked. She paused and laughed a bit, looking away.

"Maybe one day, when I am old I will go back," she trailed off, laughing, but her thoughts of home lingered on her face. 

While we drank another round of tea, Russlan brought out of a cabinet a pile of dusty photos. What an absolute treasure trove they were. From childhood, photos of him and his sister, to ones with Madina and Anzzor. The earliest ones were in black and white, when he was a young man. Photos from his travels to India were full of sculpted temples, crowded markets and ornately decorated elephants. The photos turned to color, showing him working communications systems in a submarine, and holding up monstrous Kamchatka crab on a fishing trip. He fondly reminisced of San Diego as I looked through the photos of his time there. A post card of the Coronado Bay Bridge in San Diego, and photos of him with friends on the beach. He had been there on a friendship visit, and he was pictured at concerts, dinners and ceremonies. In one photo he grinned from underneath a fur cap in front of St. Basil's Cathedral in Moscow. In another, he was on horseback at their farm. 

However, the most intriguing photos were small, Polaroid photos, glued to pieces of paper. They were from his time fighting in Chechnya. One showed a group of men, dressed in green camo, sitting around a low table; a beautiful red and gold carpet hung on the wall behind them. Bottles of vodka stood half empty on the table, with plates of cheese and meat. The men smiled, some holding large knives in their teeth, or cradling Kalashnikovs on their laps. In another photo, Russlan perched with friends on a tank on a mountain road. The other photos were of them resting in the shade of rocks or drinking vodka in their tents. The Chechen countryside was beautiful, the mountains churning like waves of the sea. They were dramatic photos. Russlan never commented on them. 

Anzzor trotted in then, his friend in tow. His friend presented a plate of blini made by his grandmother to Bella. The sun was going down, and the boiling kettle gurgled. As the two boys wrestled on the floor, we gathered around the table for another cup of tea. The cool night air settled in, but did not seep into the warmth of the dacha. 

 

The Russian Home

A few days ago I moved to live with a new host family. I will miss my first family; they were so good to me. Their home really became my home, and they were really my family. I appreciated how they welcomed me in and just made me another daughter. It was a privilege to be treated as their child, and I grew very close to them. The day I left, my host dad read me a fairy tale, and even sang a song. It was touching to see this burly Russian man bashfully saying I should just stay with them for the whole year. Anna gave me a big hug, but we both knew we would see each other often. Irina piled my plate higher that night (Russian for "I love you"). Thus I left to go to my new home.

I had really grown comfortable in the area where I lived. It was convenient, everything was close, and it was a lively place. My new neighborhood is a different world. It has the usual Russian apartment blocks, but here they are built on the side of a mountain. All the nice trees of my former neighborhood have been replaced by steel grey rock. Wind howls here all day and all night, and there's not a flat piece of ground anywhere. Trekking the hills is treacherous as the sidewalks are - well we don't actually have sidewalks here, which proves tricky when it snows and there is no place to walk. The buzz and liveliness I was used to has become silence, and people are scarce. A good number of people I see here are drunk; even early in the morning they stumble about with bottles of alcohol in their fists. 

My apartment building is backed up against a steep hill. Skirting the hillside are row after row of garages, many of them empty. From the bottom of the hill they look like giant concrete steps marching up to the top of the mountain, with black gaping holes looking out over the city. From the top, the view would be spectacular, but the summit of the hill is crowned by barbed wire. There is nothing in my district, just apartment buildings. It's what they call a "sleeping district." People come here only to sleep; there is nothing to do, no stores to shop at. People leave in the morning and don't come back until they are done with their day. The vans that take people down to the city are crammed with people in the mornings. The low ceilings force people to bend over, or even sit on other peoples' laps. The windows are always plastered with arms, faces and bags, as the loaded vans roar down the mountain side. I remember seeing these kinds of busses at the bus stop near my former home, praying I would never have to ride in one. Funny how things work out sometimes. 

My apartment is on the fourth floor of a very old building. It was, in fact, military housing during the communist times. Even now, many of the families are still here, and all the neighbors are uncommonly social. The apartment has a small hall with all the rooms opening off of it. To the right is the kitchen, a rather large room, with the majority of it filled by a table. In the corner is a stove and a refrigerator, with a microwave perched on top. All the food ends up in the refrigerator or the table, so the table is often crowded with all sorts of things to eat. A balcony opens off the kitchen, and is strung with lines to dry clothes on. 

Next to the kitchen is the living room, which is where I sleep. A couch and armchair occupy one wall, a TV stands against the windows, and a large armoire lives there too. Next to my room is my host mother's room. It is small, with enough room for the pullout couch, a TV, and a low table. The last two rooms are the toilet and the shower. Between the two doors, in the hall, is a washing machine. 

I live with a widow named Natalia, and her cat Kseina. Natalia is a language physiologist, and I have already learned so much from her. She's told me about how the brain works when learning a language, and how to interpret what people are thinking about, based on where they look in a conversation. She studied English at University and in America. She has traveled all over the world for her work, frequenting Europe and Asian countries. She has multiple degrees: English teacher, physiologist and interpreter. She is also qualified as a military interpreter, which means she knows every kind of tank, airplane, battleship and gun there is in the Russian military, and could tell you the specifications of any piece of artillery and weaponry in an instant. Her primary work now is as a language physiologist, helping groups of professionals and students who are having trouble learning English. 

She is a wonderful woman, with a great sense of humor. She loves her travels and our home is filled with beautiful things from all over the world. Our house is also filled with toy tanks and pin collections that were her late husband's, who was a tank driver in the military. Natalia has a son, who lives with his wife and small daughter in a town nearby. Her brother works near us, and she once told me of a time where all of the family lived in our apartment. Her, her husband, her son and his wife, and her brother, all here at the same time. 

Natalia does not stand for any nonsense. This has led to a few confrontations with rude people, the most memorable of which took place a few nights ago. A group of very drunk men were blasting music from a car parked outside our apartment building at three in the morning. Natalia opened the window and shouted at them to be quiet. When they continued, she took some plates from the cabinet and started throwing them like frisbees at the offenders. They left pronto, and her only regret was that the odd shape of the plates made them curve in the air, thus missing their target. She also told me how to get back at unruly neighbors by putting grain on the top of their car, and the pigeons will flock to peck up the grain, thus badly scratching the paint. She's a funny gal, and I'm very glad to be living with her. 

There is a lot here in our house that are unusual in American Houses. There is no sink in the kitchen, so we wash all our dishes in the bathtub. The toilet is broken, so to flush it, we have to reach into it and pull up on the stopper. It is always a bit chilly as there is a hole in a window we have scotch taped over. The TV plays about five very fuzzy channels. I sleep on a pullout chair, with the chair cushions as my mattress. The wallpaper is faded, and peeling in the corners. The plastic floor has tears in it. The rugs don't match the wall colors; the ceilings have cracks and stains. The furniture is old. Nothing matches. 

I love it. It doesn't feel uncomfortable; it doesn't feel rundown. It's normal. It's a regular old Russian apartment. And what an enigma this is: the Russian Apartment. In my opinion, it is a huge window into the Russian culture. So much can be seen in them.

Russians do not live in houses, unless they are very rich. Thus, housing in Russia is not as varied as in the United States. In American, we have duplexes, apartments, motor homes, manufactured homes, bungalows, farmhouses, A-frames, etc. In Russia, we have apartments. Everyone lives in apartments. The size varies, but a basic apartment is a kitchen, a toilet, a bathroom and one or two bedrooms. Living rooms are not very common, but if there is one, it is usually converted into a bedroom. The common "open area" approach we are used to in America is not so common here, with a room being a "room," meaning you can close a door on it. People do not paint their rooms, they use wallpaper. Generally, the wallpaper is extremely beautiful. Of course, how people choose to decorate their homes varies, but some things never change. For instance: beds. Russians generally do not have beds; they all sleep on pull-out couches. Drying machines do not exist here; therefore every apartment has a nice balcony on which to hang clothes, and to grow house plants. Every apartment is heated by a boiler system that gets turned on in October and gets turned off in June. Since there is no way to adjust the heat, they cool the apartments by opening the windows. This is a chilly practice when it is twenty below out. The boiler system that heats the apartments also heats the water, so when the heat is turned off in the summer, there is no more hot water.

Some apartments I have seen have been very modern, with Ikea-style furniture, and dishes that match. However, the most "Russian" apartments are very mismatched. This is because people buy things a little at a time. They see something in the market, they like it, and they buy it. It often doesn't matter if it goes with anything they already have. In my apartment everything is different: our dishes, our rugs, our towels. But for however mismatched everything is, it all seems to flow. Nothing seems out of place. It's something I've noticed in every apartment: everything belongs. Everything has meaning. It doesn't matter how many knickknacks they have tucked away, each one of them has a story, and they are happy to tell you about it. Every refrigerator is covered in magnets, and a typical house visit in Russia involves getting steered to the fridge and being told about each and every magnet on it. 

The Russian apartment is really private territory. Perhaps this is why café culture is so big here, because people generally do not meet in their homes. 

While in America it is common to invite people into our homes, even if we don't know someone very well, one is rarely invited into someone's home in Russia. It's almost sacred. People become completely different when they are at home. As soon as they walk in the door, they go to their room and change into house clothes, they put on their house slippers, and rest. Their "street face" is gone, and there is no better way to see who someone really is, than when they are at home.

Russian homes are filled with things of sentimental value. While all apartments are in essence the same (a product of the socialist era), it is very important for them to make their homes "their own." The apartments are almost like little nests where people go home at night and feel comfortable, and safe. On the streets, everyone is always on alert, and their heightened awareness only fades when they are home. 

This is one of my favorite parts about being on exchange: being in people's homes, not just living in a hotel or dorm. In order to know a culture, you have be in the homes, because that is where people become themselves. I have learned the most about the Russian culture at home, not in the city center or at school. Home is the heart of any culture. Home is where the family is, where people are the most transparent. 

An Adventure in Russian Medical Care

As I wrote earlier, February began with "the accident." Along with an injury everyone here thought would heal with a few days of rest, came an exasperating experience taking up the first few weeks of the month. I have now experienced many facets of the Russian medical care system, and it was very educational. 

About a week after the accident, as I started to get up and move around, my general improvement seemed to stop, and even get worse. I was concerned about the pain level, and exasperated because I had so many unanswered questions. Even while looking at the insurance claim forms, I had no idea what to write for the type of injury. I didn't think "it's not broken" would fly. I decided to go see a doctor. 

My host family had no idea where to start to find the next level of care for me, so I emailed the U.S. Consulate located here in Vladivostok. They sent me a list of clinics, and I chose the one with translators on staff. We went that night: me, my host dad, and Yulia and Slava (the parents of the family I was with when the accident happened). Arriving at the clinic, I was pleasantly surprised. I thought, to myself, that there was hope for the Russian medical system. We were at a brand new hospital that resembled those in America. We had to wait an hour to see the doctor, who was very professional and knew what he was talking about. There was a bit of a fiasco with the translator, who disappeared about halfway through the appointment, and when I asked for them to come back, to interpret the diagnosis, I was denied the request. Despite this, I was able to understand that they still didn't know what was wrong and they were suggesting an MRI. My request to have the MRI done that night, which was possible, was also denied. It was an upsetting visit for me, with the frustration topped off by the fact we still didn't know what was wrong. 

Though I was disappointed that I had no answers, it was encouraging to see such a nice clinic with very professional staff. The price for this visit was the same as the first, about 1000 rubles ($17). While it was frustrating, it was interesting to note that no one saw the need for me to know what was being said. When I asked for the translator they asked "why?" When I asked for the medical documents, or copies of them, they said I didn't need them. When I asked them to explain what the doctor had said about my hip, they said everything was fine and I didn't need to know what he said. I was confused, and still can't figure out why they had this attitude; after all, I was the patient. Maybe it's a cultural thing, although I later found out they had no experience with needing documentation for filling out insurance claims, which could explain that part of the conversation.

The next day, my host dad called about having an MRI done, which he had assured me the night before could be done this next day. It turns out, we would have to wait a week. I had had it and called the Rotary Club president, who is all-powerful in this city. I asked her if she could find me a time and place to do an MRI as soon as possible. That same afternoon, my host dad drove me to the university teaching hospital on the Russian Island, which is where a brand new university has been built. I brought an American friend of mind to translate, and we went to see a surgeon, who is a friend of the Rotary Club president. He (this third doctor) took another look at my hip, and suggested more X-rays. 

The next day we were back at the university to do the MRI and take more X-rays. What an experience it was! This clinic was beautiful, with state-of-the-art equipment and the best doctors. It could hold its own in America. I was very impressed. The MRI and X-rays were over quickly, and we went back a little later to meet with the surgeon. It could not have been a moment too soon, as I was in dismay since the doctor who initially read the MRI results said I would be in bed for a month. Thankfully, the official diagnosis was not so bad. 

I had indeed fractured my hip bone. It was high enough up that it was missed by the first set of X-rays. It was very clear to see the fracture on the MRI, but the doctor said it had already started to heal. He said I could continue walking, as long as I was comfortable. I could have kissed him. I cannot run, dance, skate, or do anything besides walking, for a month. On the first of April I will go in for a check-up. If everything is fine then, I will be back to my normal activities! 

So how much did this cost? The MRI was 5000 rubles, and the X-rays 800 ($80 and $12 respectively). Over all, for three clinic visits, three sets of X-rays, the MRI, and all the medication, the total was about 10,000 rubles (at the time, about $130US). 

All in all a trying experience, but an interesting one nonetheless. It was encouraging to see that such nice clinics and care are available here. I was touched by all the people who helped me: my host dad, Yulia and Slava, the doctors, my American friend and the Rotary Club president. In the end, everything is fine, and I am so grateful it wasn't more serious. Now I am pretty much back to normal: I walk without a limp and without pain. I'm not on any medication, and I'm feeling great! A big thank you for all your prayers, emails and support. A special thank you to Dan Boldt and, most of all, my wonderful family. 

Dagestan

I was recently perusing the shelves of a bookstore (the children's section) and a particularly beautiful book caught my eye. Pulling it out, I was immediately drawn into the watercolor world of the illustrations. The landscapes were mountainous with counterintuitive colors, and the animal characters were dressed in costumes I didn't recognize. It felt Middle Eastern, but yet completely different. The title was, "Folk Tales of Dagestan". I fell so in love with it that I bought it, even though I had no idea what Dagestan actually was. 

As soon as I got home, I looked it up to find that it was a small republic of Russia on the shores of the Caspian Sea. I read the entire book that evening and found the stories to be very different from traditional Russian tales, and surprisingly refreshing. I was fascinated by this world and read the tales over and over again, and I also read more and more about Dagestan. 

Dagestan means "Land of the Mountains" from Turkish 'dag' meaning 'mountain' and the Persian suffix 'stan' meaning 'land'. It is located in the northern Caucases, with the Caspian Sea to the east, Chechnya to the west, Georgia and Azerbaijan to the south, and the Kalmykia republic to the north. The geography is very mountainous, especially in the north. Very little of the land is suitable for cultivation, due to the terrain, thus most of the population relies on raising livestock for a living. The region is one of the most ethnically diverse in Russia with over thirty separate groups and languages. It is also unusual that no ethnicity forms a majority. The city of Derbent, on the Caspian Sea, is a very interesting city and regarded as the oldest in Russia (8th century B.C.), with some buildings being over 5,000 years old. The fortress and walls surrounding the city have been continually maintained longer than any other on earth--more than 1,500 years. 

The area of what is now the Republic of Dagestan began as a state of Albania in the first centuries A.D. The area has always been a war torn, conflicted area being conquered by the Huns, the Persians, the Arabs, the Mongols, and then the Persians again. It remained under Persian control until the Treaty of Gulistan (signed in 1813) established it, along with modern day Azerbaijan and Georgia, as part of Russia. From the beginning of Russian rule, the people of Dagestan have struggled for their independence, which resulted in the Caucasian War that continued for about three decades from 1828 to 1864. In 1917, Dagestan and neighboring Chechnya declared independence from Russia and created the state: United Mountain Dwellers of the North Caucases. They were forced to join the Soviet Union in 1921 and Dagestan quickly became the poorest region in Russia. Renewed violence and uprising sprang up in the 1980s and again between 2010 and 2012. The troubled violence stems mainly from tension between various ethnic and religious groups within the republic or from attacks and invasions from Chechnya, whose Islamist extremists continue to try and make Dagestan an Islamic state. The Russian military has been involved trying to suppress the violence and to this day it remains a very troubled region. 

Below is a translated (as best I could) tale from the book I bought. I found it, and the others, very interesting and different from traditional Russian tales. Traditional Russian folk tales have many story elements grouped in threes and are usually about the evil witch Baba Yaga or the Tsar's young son Ivan. It was interesting to see another side of Russia, one we rarely think about. Russia is actually a very ethnically diverse place, and due to its sheer size, traditions and lifestyles can be drastically different from one place to another. 

I found the tales unique in that I couldn't predict the ending.  They all had odd twists at the end that left me thinking, "Huh?" Some of them seemed to have no plot at all, and it was hard to determine whether or not they were supposed to illustrate a moral. In general, they were fascinating and refreshing to read. Here is one of them entitled, "Culmalaguza": 

There once lived in this world a rich and important beetle by the name of Culmalaguza. Culmalaguza had everything except a faithful friend. 

"Life is not sweet without a friend," thought Culmalaguza. "I will go throughout this world to find him."

He took with him Moroccan slippers and a wrung Astrakhan fur cap* and went out of his white stone palace and set off on his way. 

Whether a long way, whether a short way, Culmalaguza went along the road and met Frog. 

"Eyes like a lake, slippers from Morocco, an Astrakhan fur cap, which road are you keeping Culmalaguza?", asked Frog. 

"I am going, Frog, to find myself a friend. But not just any kind of friend. A friend sincere, equal to me in mind and wealth", answered Culmalaguza.

"I have heard of your dignity and I am ready to become your friend", said Frog. 

"And what? Are you rich? And what can you do?"

"All springs--mine! All lakes--mine! All rivers--mine! I can swim in the water and jump on the land and sing beautifully", answered Frog. "And most importantly, I am ready to become your faithful friend, in trouble and joy."

Culmalaguza looked on the nondescript Frog and laughed proudly. 

"You boaster, Frog! All of your wealth and all your abilities are not worth even my cap!", said he and went on. 

Whether a long way, whether a short way, Culmalaguza went along and met Mouse. 

"Hello Culmalaguza!"

"Hello to you too, Mouse!" 

"Eyes like a lake, slippers from Morocco, an Astrakhan fur cap, which road are you keeping Culmalaguza?", asked Mouse. 

"I am going, Mouse, to find myself a friend, but not just any kind of friend. A friend sincere, equal to me in mind and wealth." 

Mouse's heart leapt for joy. 

"You are rich, and I am rich. There you go! You and I will be faithful friends, sincere!" 

"And what? Are you rich? And what can you do?", asked Culmalaguza. "Are you worthy to be a friend to one such as I?"

"All shops--mine! All store rooms--mine! All hay stacks in the field--mine! Barns full of grains--mine! Pitchers full of honey--mine! Jugs with smetana*--mine! Wine barrels--mine! All sweets, any kind in the world--mine!"

"Pretty! Pretty!", cried Culmalaguza, who had once heard how many sweets were in the storerooms of mouse. "I agree to be your friend!"

Out of joy he even forgot to ask what Mouse was able to do. So decided Culmalaguza to become friends and live together. They lived, eating and drinking together, and were satisfied with each other. 

Once Mouse was invited to a wedding in the neighboring ayul* beyond the great River. Mouse got ready, and stepping out onto the road said to Culmalaguza,

"My sincere friend! If I do not return in three days, harness the cart and come to me."

"Okay, my faithful friend! Go to the wedding, but just take care of yourself. Don't eat and drink too much."

Mouse took a gift for the bride and went to the wedding. Three days went by and Mouse did not come back. Homesick Culmalaguza harnessed the cart and went after his friend. He went along and when he reached the banks of the great River he fell into the water-filled track of a horse hoof and began to sink. Culmalaguza cried with all his might, but couldn't get out. A fly flew above him and he called out to it,

"Dear fly! I ask of you, report to my faithful friend Mouse that I am sinking in an ocean!" 

The fly flew to the wedding, sat on a plate of plov*, and told Mouse what had happened. Mouse was at this time eating plov with such an appetite it gnawed at his bones. But when he heard that his friend had fallen into trouble, he forgot about his appetite and quickly rushed to help. Mouse rushed to the place where Culmalaguza was sinking. He rushed and bustled about but could not help him as he himself was afraid of sinking. 

Completely in despair, Culmalaguza cried more than ever. Mouse cursed and scolded. But then up ran Frog. He saw Culmalaguza and seemed to be his saving hope.

"Merciful Frog! Whether or not we are friends, save me! I will give you all my wealth!", he pleaded.

"Give Frog all your wealth? You are crazy!", cried Mouse.

"Yes. I will give you all if you only save me, Frog!", prayed Culmalaguza desperately.

"How can I not help one in such trouble?", thought Frog, and rushed to help Culmalaguza. 

But there was Mouse who clung to him, and with his sharp teeth, held him tightly. Hardly able to manage, Frog finally grabbed his tail and threw Mouse into the raging current of the great River. Frog was exhausted from his wounds.

And there was no one to save Culmalaguza.

Only the curious fly spun above him as he went to the bottom. 

The End

*Astrakhan fur cap: while Astrakhan is another republic of Russia, also situated on the Caspian Sea, in this case it refers to a special kind of fur used to make karakul hats, which originated in Afghanistan. The fur is from the qaraqul breed of sheep. The hats became popular in Russia during the Soviet Union, but is part of the traditional costumes in the southwestern republics of Russia. 

*smetana (сметана) is the traditional Russian sour cream, but is much thinner and sweeter than that found in the United States. It a staple in their diet and is traditionally eaten with Blini (Russian pancakes) and pelmini (Russian dumplings).

*ayul is a mountain top village in Dagestan. They are literally perched on the summit of a mountain or hill. The houses are made of stone and are grouped closely together. 

*plov, ploff is a traditional Russian dish made of rice, meat, and maybe some vegetables. 

Another aspect of Dagestani culture that I found very interesting was their traditional dance, the Lezginka. The music is lively and fast paced, and the dance is incredibly acrobatic. 

This is a link to a Lezginka performance. This is done by the Georgian Ballet, but is a great short clip. 

http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ry67AnEklVM 

This is done by a group from Dagestan, and while it is longer, gives a great idea of costumes and the dance.

http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=1deFVudZhsc

The Hazards of Inner Tubing

The sun was just going down as my friend, Sveta, and I walked through the snow from the cabin. There was not a cloud in sight and the bare trees rose black against the pale sky. I was with Sveta and her family for the weekend, at a remote village in the mountains to do some skiing. We headed to where their car was parked, on the edge of a large field, blanketed in fresh snow. Sveta's mom stood ready with the camera, as Sveta and I climbed onto the innertube. I was on the back, and clung to Sveta, giggling all the while. The car slowly rolled away and we whooped as we were pulled along. It was exhilarating, we went faster and faster, hollering louder and louder. The car turned and we went whizzing around in a long arc. It was fast, so fast I had to cling to the handles with all my might to stay on. I saw it for a moment out of the corner of my eye: the wooden staircase leading to the platform of the tubing run. We had clean forgotten it. I slammed sideways into the corner of the stairs, as the inner tube was ripped away. 

By the grace of God, Sveta was not hurt, and was at my side immediately as I lay, unable to move, in the snow. I hadn't hit my head, which was a miracle in itself. However, my left side was in too much pain to move. Sveta's parents were there in a flash, lifting me up into the van. We zipped around to the cabin, where they carried me to a bunk. They gathered their things, while thinking of what to do next. We were much too far away for an ambulance. There was nothing else to do but drive right away to Vladivostok, to get to the hospital.

With the initial tears cried, the pain was bearable as I was carried in the blanket by four people and slid into the back seat of the van. We set off, along the back roads to Vladivostok, three hours all together. With every jolt came pain, but thankfully it gradually subsided. I was concerned that I couldn't move my leg, but I was grateful it wasn't worse. It could have been my head, or my back. 

We eventually pulled up to the hospital. There, we waited while Yulia (Sveta's mom) went in. I was actually extremely interested to experience the Russian health care system, as I had heard so many horror stories. At the very least, I was expecting the usual deal: the stretcher, the sympathetic concern and instant response. I mean, after all, we were at an emergency room in a major city. 

Yulia came out after about twenty minutes, and Slava (Sveta's dad) picked me up once again and carried me into the hospital. The waiting room had several people there, sitting on benches. We looked around for a place to put me, and, with no other options, pulled two benches together to lay me down. We waited for a while for the doctor to come. The few nurses that were there walked by me, barely sparing me a glance, going in and out of rooms. There was one doctor, and about three nurses. We had attracted the attention of the rest of the patients, who crowded around, asking if I was okay. 

At long last, the doctor emerged from his office, and asking who was next, everyone pointed to me. He came over and simply started patting me down, while Yulia explained what had happened. "Does this hurt, how about here..." was all he said, as he none-too-gently patted my left side. Within about thirty seconds of this, a stretcher was brought. By stretcher, I mean a rolling metal table. Slava and some of the other people in the waiting room lifted me up onto it, with the doctor barking how they weren't holding me right. I was rolled away into the X-ray room. It seemed to me like they had put the monstrous machine into a store room, as boxes of medical supplies were stacked to the ceiling on one side of the room. I was slid from the "stretcher" to the X-ray table.

I don't know if the machine was old or what, but instead of position-the-machine-over-the-person, it was position-the-person-under-the-machine. By now the pain had returned. With every transfer: from the van to the bench, from the bench to the stretcher, from the stretcher to the table, and being moved around on the table, it had gotten worse. 

The X-rays were taken quickly: one of my hip, which took most of the force of the hit, and one of my chest. They had no lead protection and they took the X-rays like someone would snap photos. The nurse said barely anything, and I waited again on the freezing table while she took the films to the doctor. After fifteen minutes or so, a wheelchair was brought. Slava set me down, and I found sitting to be more comfortable. However, the wheelchair had only one arm rest, and no foot rests, so Sveta hadto bend down and shuffle along, holding my legs up. What an angel!

We returned to the waiting room area, where we waited yet again. When he was ready, we all shuffled into the doctor's office, where he promptly said nothing was broken and asked me to stand up on my left leg. He seemed genuinely surprised when I couldn't, and then felt my hip again. He sat down and wrote instructions down on a sticky note.

I was to not move my leg for at least five days; after that, if I couldn't stand on it, I was to simply lay there until I could, for however long that would take. I was to wear a bandage on it for two weeks. I was to drink two packs of a powdered painkiller twice a day. I was to be given a shot twice a day for three days, and a special rub for where the skin broke (it's green, not red like ours). They sent us off to buy everything at a pharmacy, and once again I was carried back to the van. We bought everything,and at long last headed home.

I wasn't even sure who was home when I called. My host mom and dad, as it turned out, were working in the other city, and it was my host brother and his wife, and Anna, at home. One last time, I was carried up to the apartment, and set on the bed. Sveta's mom administered the medication, and the shot. I was not looking forward to the shot, especially when I saw the sheer size of the needle. It was administered to the bum, and my sister and brother's wife thought it was absolutely hysterical, as I lay gritting my teeth in pain through the whole process. The needle was ready, and when the question arose of a sterilizer, the vodka bottle was promptly brought from the kitchen. With the vodka applied, the shot was administered, and it hurt like a bullet (at least how I would imagine a bullet would feel). I couldn't believe it. The pain lingered for an hour, and the solution to that: cabbage leaves, applied directly to the area. 

When all was said and done, it was one in the morning. I lay on my cabbage leaves, my bum stinging, leg throbbing, and feeling grimy from the weekend. No one in my family felt they could give me the shot twice a day, so Yulia would have to come morning and night to do it. Sveta stayed with me the first night, and spent the next day, Sunday (her one free day of the week), with me. It was clever Sveta who came up with the brilliant idea of using the rolling office chair as a wheelchair so I could get to the bathroom and kitchen. Along with my sister, Anna, we watched movies and played games. I directed them in the making of an apple pie, and by the time evening came, and Sveta had to go home, I felt like she and I had been friends forever. 

I am so grateful I was with Sveta and her family. They were with me every step of the way, holding my hand and assuring me that everything was going to be fine. They took such good care of me, and really welcomed me into their family. I do feel close to them. After all, they saw me at my best, laughing and enjoying their generous invitation to join them for the weekend, and at my absolute worst, crying and in pain. I was overwhelmed by the kindness and dedication of these people I had met only a few times. 

I will be fine; I just need some rest. On the bright side, it was very interesting for me to experience the ER in Russia. It turned out fine for me, because my injury was not all that serious, mostly a whole lot of pain. However, had it been serious, I don't know how they would have handled it. They had very few staff on duty, it was just in a regular apartment building with some walls knocked out, and it had limited accessibility for a wheelchair or stretcher. The doctor sent me home, unable to walk, with no type of crutches, or way to get up and around. He didn't check to see if there was going to be anyone at home who would be able to take care of me. There just didn't seem to be any comparison between the medical system here and in the United States. I'm grateful for the great care we get in the US.